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Republic of KoreaSouth Korea shows growing concern about energy efficiency, energy security and green growth. An ambitious target of curbing greenhouse emissions by 30% by 2020 was announced in 2010. To achieve this emission limit, the plan will be implemented for 470 Korean companies which produce 60% of the country’s CO2 emissions.
During 2010-2015, Korea plans to invest $88 billion in improving its energy efficiency. Starting from 2009, the country has been investing 2% of its GDP to improve the energy efficiency of its economy. Korea plans to create 1.8 million new green jobs by 2013.
In 2009, Korea announced its plans to invest $193 million in alternative energy, a 60% growth in investment in this sector. The investments are made to support solar and wind energy as well as biofuels. The government is willing to increase the domestic supply of renewable energy and make the economy less dependent on oil imports.
Republic of Korea is active on the international markets it has joint projects with the USA, a smart grid energy management system is being developed by IBM for the country, and Korean climate policy attracted great attention from the international community.
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Russian FederationThe Russian economy is driven mainly by the energy sector. This is why improvements in energy efficiency can make great contributions to the sustainable development of the country. During 2000-2006, the energy intensity of the Russian economy decreased by 24%.
The Russian Energy Agency of the Russian Ministry of Energy monitors the implementation of energy efficiency measures. The agency was organised in 2009 with the goal of increasing the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. The Russian Energy Agency is charged with the implementation of the federal energy efficiency and energy savings laws.
Russia has announced ambitious goals of decreasing energy consumption per unit of output by 40% and cutting CO2 emissions by 25% by 2020. These targets imply investments of approximately $300 billion. The energy efficiency measures will help the country save $35 billion per year. Russia is very likely to meet its Kyoto Protocol obligations.
Roughly 21% of Russia’s electricity generation capacity is hydro-based and 1% comes from renewable sources such as wind and geothermal energy, as well as waste heat. In 2009, Russia’s energy policy included a mandate to increase energy generated from renewable sources to 4.5% (up from less than 1%), by 2020. In an energy system as large as Russia’s, this means a major growth in renewable energy production - approximately 22 GW of additional renewable generation.
Russia has a high potential for increasing renewable energy production from hydro, biomass, wind and solar sources: the volume of renewable energy generation with economic potential corresponds to about 30% of Russia’s actual total primary energy supply (TPES), while the technical potential is estimated to be more than 5 times greater than TPES.
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South AfricaSouth Africa has taken major steps to move towards a low carbon economy catalyzed by its commitment to reduce emissions below a baseline of 34% by 2020, and 42% by 2025. Energy efficiency will play a major role in reaching this goal.
The national Energy Efficiency Strategy was approved by the Cabinet in March 2005 and reviewed in October 2008. The Minister of Energy and Minerals, along with CEOs from 24 major energy users and seven industrial associations, signed the Energy Efficiency Accord, voluntarily committing to achieving the government’s energy saving targets. The strategy set the improved energy efficiency target for South Africa as a whole at 12% by 2015 and a 15% reduction rate in the industry sector.
The vision of strategy is to contribute towards affordable energy for all and minimize the negative effects of energy usage on human health and the environment. This will be achieved by encouraging sustainable energy development and energy use through efficiency practices. It contributes to the implementation of sector programs through a three-phase approach, timed as follows:
The broad principle of this phased approach is to initiate actions with rapid returns during the early phases.
You can access South Africa's Energy Efficiency Report below.
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The Government’s vision for the UK is of a thriving, globally competitive, low-carbon energy economy. This will require a transformation in the way the UK both generates and uses energy to ensure transition to a secure, affordable, low-carbon energy system on track to deliver an 80% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 as required by the UK Climate Change Act.
The policy and programmes adopted in the UK for driving improvements are set out in the UK Carbon Plan. A range of policy levers has been deployed across different sectors of the economy, including voluntary agreements, market mechanisms, provision of advice and information, regulation, fiscal incentives and procurement.
Significant recent developments include the development of the “Green Deal” to revolutionise the energy efficiency of properties in the UK by addressing barriers to investment. At the heart of this initiative will be The “Green Deal Plan”, an innovative financing mechanism allowing consumers to pay back the cost of up-front investments through savings on their energy bills. The Green Deal will work in tandem with a new Energy Companies Obligation that will succeed the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target, which has already helped millions of households to save energy and money, delivering saving of almost 300 million tonnes of CO2.allow
The UK Government has also put in place a strategy and timetable for the installation of 53 million smart meters in 30 million homes and businesses across Great Britain, estimated to have a net benefit to the nation of £7.3 billion over the next twenty years. Smart meters will deliver a range of benefits to consumers, energy suppliers and networks providing real time information on energy consumption to help control energy use, save money and reduce emissions.
The UK Government also announced that the Climate Change Agreements (CCAs) with energy-intensive industry will be extended to 2023 and the Climate Change Levy discount on electricity for CCA participants will be increased from 65 to 80 per cent from April 2013. Under the Climate Change Agreements eligible sectors of industry receive this reduction in the Levy in return for meeting ambitious energy efficiency or carbon-saving targets.
As an IPEEC member, the UK is leading the PEPDEE (Policies for Energy Prodiver Delivery of Energy Efficiency) task group.
You can access UK's Energy Efficiency Report below.
You may also wish to consult UK's report from the Energy-Efficiency-Watch Project published by EUFORES below.
United StatesEnergy policy in the United States is driven by three priorities: economic growth, energy security, and environmental protection. Energy efficiency has been a major component of U.S. energy policy since the oil crises of the 1970s, as a cost-effective approach to address these policy drivers across all sectors of the economy. Energy-efficient technologies and practices can save consumers and companies money on energy bills, reduce dependence on oil imports, and reduce emissions of hasardous air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
While energy efficiency technologies are widely understood to be cost-effective investments—saving money over the life of the product—barriers to deployment remain.
The U.S. government supports multiple programmes and policies to address these barriers:
Energy efficiency programmes such as these, along with state and municipal programmes and private sector investments, have helped the United States reduce its energy intensity (energy consumption per GDP) by over 28 % between 1990 and 2008. Expected to further this progress, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) included $90 billion of investments in the U.S. clean energy economy. Government policies and support helped spur growth in private-sector investments in clean energy, such that total investments grew from $16 billion in 2009 to $25 billion in 2010 in the U.S., according to a recent UNEP/Bloomberg New Energy Finance report.
In March 2011, President Obama revealed his Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future. The plan includes a three-part strategy to:
Energy Efficiency is a key component of the blueprint, which includes specific strategies to improve efficiency in vehicles, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities.
The U.S. Department of Energy is charged with implementing and monitoring many of the country’s energy efficiency programmes and projects, and serves as the lead U.S. Government Agency on IPEEC. As an IPEEC member, the U.S. leads the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment Initiative (SEAD) and co-leads the Global Superior Energy Performance Partnership (GSEP). The U.S. also participates in IPEEC Tasks on Assessment of Energy Efficiency Financing Mechanisms, the Sustainable Buildings Network, Worldwide Energy Efficiency Action through Capacity Building & Training, Improving Policies through Energy Efficiency Indicators, the Energy Management Action Network, and Policies for Energy Provider Delivery of Energy Efficiency.
In addition to IPEEC, the United States participates in and contributes to other multilateral energy efficiency and climate change partnerships and programmes, including the Clean Energy Ministerial, the Clean Technology Fundand Global Environment Facility. IPEEC is also a participating partner in the Clean Energy Solutions Center, the U.S.-led Clean Energy Ministerial initiative, which provides technical resources, virtual expert assistance, on-line training, and peer-to-peer learning forums to advance the use of effective energy efficiency policies and programmes.
You can access USA's APEC country profile below.
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